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1.郑州职业技术学院 智能制造学院,郑州 450000
2.辽宁工程技术大学 机械工程学院,阜新 123000
李婷婷,女,1987年生,河南开封人,硕士,讲师;主要研究方向为电子、机器人、自动化;kaifengliting@163.com。
贾东(通信作者),男,1995年生,黑龙江齐齐哈尔人,硕士研究生;主要研究方向为故障诊断;1332755792@qq.com。
收稿:2025-05-28,
纸质出版:2026-03-15
移动端阅览
李婷婷,贾东. 基于FDBO+Informer-ECANet的齿轮箱故障诊断分析[J]. 机械传动,2026,50(3):161-171.
LI Tingting,JIA Dong. Analysis on fault diagnosis of gearbox based on FDBO+Informer-ECANet[J]. Journal of Mechanical Transmission,2026,50(3):161-171.
李婷婷,贾东. 基于FDBO+Informer-ECANet的齿轮箱故障诊断分析[J]. 机械传动,2026,50(3):161-171. DOI: 10.16578/j.issn.1004.2539.2026.03.018.
LI Tingting,JIA Dong. Analysis on fault diagnosis of gearbox based on FDBO+Informer-ECANet[J]. Journal of Mechanical Transmission,2026,50(3):161-171. DOI: 10.16578/j.issn.1004.2539.2026.03.018.
目的
2
基于智能优化算法与深度神经网络的齿轮箱故障诊断方法逐渐成为研究热点,但仍然存在较多问题。为了解决强噪声环境下齿轮故障特征提取难、诊断准确率低的问题,提出一种基于融合增强型蜣螂优化(Fusion-enhanced Dung Beetle Optimization
FDBO)算法、Informer模型和通道注意力机制(Efficient Channel Attention Network
ECANet)模块的齿轮箱故障诊断方法。
方法
2
首先,针对现有蜣螂优化(Dung Beetle Optimization
DBO)算法全局搜索能力不足、易陷入局部最优等问题,引入融合Fuch混沌映射兼逆反向学习策略、自适应步长策略与凸透镜成像反转策略集成、随机差异变异策略,提高算法的全局搜索能力;其次,基于Informer 模型出色的长时间序列处理能力,高效提取出序列数据中的全局特征与局部特征;尤其针对包含长时间依赖关系的故障信号,该模型可展现出极高的分类性能;再次,在Informer模型的编辑器中引入ECANet模块,对Informer提取的特征进行通道级的自适应校准,提高模型对重要特征的关注度,以增强特征表达能力、减少噪声干扰;最后,通过FDBO算法对Informer-ECANet模型多个超参数进行寻优,确定最优参数组合,以增强模型的诊断能力和泛化性能。
结果
2
试验结果表明,在无噪声条件下,所提模型准确率达100%;在加入-6 dB的高斯白噪声下准确率仍达到94.4%,验证了所提模型的优越性,为齿轮箱故障诊断提供了一种新型有效的智能方法。
Objective
2
The fault diagnosis method for gearboxes based on intelligent optimization algorithms and deep neural networks has gradually become a research hotspot
but there are still many problems. To address the challenges of fault feature extraction and low diagnostic accuracy for gearboxes under strong noise environments
a novel gearbox fault diagnosis method was proposed based on a fusion-enhanced dung beetle optimization (FDBO) algorithm
the Informer model
and the efficient channel attention network (ECANet) module.
Methods
2
Firstly
to overcome the limitations of the conventional dung beetle optimization (DBO) algorithm
such as insufficient global search capability and tendency to fall into local optima
a fusion strategy integrating Fuch chaotic mapping combined with inverse learning
an adaptive step size strategy
convex lens imaging
and a stochastic differential mutation strategy was introduced
significantly enhancing the algorithm’s global search performance. Secondly
benefiting from its excellent long-term time series processing capability
the Informer model was enabled to efficiently extract global features and local features from sequence data; especially for fault signals involving long-term dependencies
the model was able to demonstrate extremely high classification performance. Thirdly
an ECANet module was incorporated into the encoder of the Informer model to perform channel-wise adaptive calibration of extracted features
enhancing the model’s attention to critical features
strengthening feature representation
and reducing noise interference. Finally
the FDBO algorithm was employed to optimize multiple hyperparameters of the Informer-ECANet model
determining the optimal parameter combination to improve the diagnostic accuracy and generalization capability of the model.
Results
2
Test results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves an accuracy of 100% under noise-free conditions
and maintains a high accuracy of 94.4% even when subjected to Gaussian white noise at a -6 dB signal-to-noise ratio
thereby validating the superior performance and robustness of the model. This study provides an effective intelligent approach for gearbox fault diagnosis under challenging noisy environment.
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