低速往复运转轴承故障的调制信号双谱切片总体平均特征提取

张浩; 胡雷; 徐元栋; 胡茑庆

doi:10.16578/j.issn.1004.2539.2024.08.023

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低速往复运转轴承故障的调制信号双谱切片总体平均特征提取

开发应用 | 更新时间：2024-08-19

- 低速往复运转轴承故障的调制信号双谱切片总体平均特征提取
- Modulation Signal Bispectrum Slice Overall Average Feature Extraction of Low-speed Reciprocating Bearing Faults
- 机械传动 2024年48卷第8期页码：169-176
- 作者机构：
  
  1.湖南工业大学轨道交通学院，湖南株洲 412000
  2.湖南科技大学机械设备健康维护湖南省重点实验室，湖南湘潭 411201
  3.国防科技大学装备综合保障技术重点实验室，湖南长沙 410072
- 作者简介：
  
  张浩（1998— ），男，内蒙古锡林郭勒盟东乌珠穆沁旗人，硕士研究生；主要研究方向为低速非整周运转轴承损伤感知与智能诊断；zh990124@163.com。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF0608704┫国家自然科学基金项目┣51575518)
- DOI：10.16578/j.issn.1004.2539.2024.08.023
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版日期：2024-08-15，
  
  收稿日期：2023-10-15，
  
  修回日期：2024-01-15，
- 稿件说明：
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张浩,胡雷,徐元栋等.低速往复运转轴承故障的调制信号双谱切片总体平均特征提取[J].机械传动,2024,48(08):169-176.

Zhang Hao,Hu Lei,Xu Yuandong,et al.Modulation Signal Bispectrum Slice Overall Average Feature Extraction of Low-speed Reciprocating Bearing Faults[J].Journal of Mechanical Transmission,2024,48(08):169-176.
张浩,胡雷,徐元栋等.低速往复运转轴承故障的调制信号双谱切片总体平均特征提取[J].机械传动,2024,48(08):169-176. DOI： 10.16578/j.issn.1004.2539.2024.08.023.

Zhang Hao,Hu Lei,Xu Yuandong,et al.Modulation Signal Bispectrum Slice Overall Average Feature Extraction of Low-speed Reciprocating Bearing Faults[J].Journal of Mechanical Transmission,2024,48(08):169-176. DOI： 10.16578/j.issn.1004.2539.2024.08.023.

摘要

风电机组的偏航轴承和变桨轴承、航天发射塔架的回转支承轴承、起重机和挖掘机的转盘轴承等，都具有低速往复运转的特点。低速往复运转轴承的故障诊断极具挑战：低速工况下损伤接触的冲击力小，损伤冲击信号弱；减速换向冲击信号对故障冲击信号的干扰大；覆盖多个往复运转行程的长信号不具有周期性，等等。为了解决上述问题，提出一种基于调制信号双谱（Modulation Signal Bispectrum，MSB）切片总体平均的低速往复运转轴承故障诊断方法。首先，利用转速跟踪过零点对振动信号进行信号重采样处理，并依据编码器信号从重采样信号中分离出单个行程的短信号集合；然后，对每一个短信号进行MSB分析，生成MSB的载波切片谱，根据载波切片谱寻找最优载波频率及其对应的调制信号切片谱；最后，对短信号集合的MSB调制信号切片谱进行总体平均，生成切片谱总体平均特征。故障试验数据验证结果表明，MSB切片总体平均特征能够有效诊断低速往复运转轴承的故障。

Abstract

Yaw bearings and slewing bearings in wind turbine systems

rotating support bearings in aerospace launch towers

and slew bearings in cranes and excavators all exhibit characteristics of low-speed reciprocating motion. Diagnosing faults in low-speed reciprocating motion bearings present significant challenges: the impact forces from damage contact are minimal at low speeds

resulting in weak damage impact signals. Furthermore

the interference from deceleration and directional change impacts is substantial

and long signals covering multiple reciprocating cycles lack periodicity. To address these challenges

a method for diagnosing faults in low-speed reciprocating motion bearings is proposed. This method is based on modulation signal bispectrum （MSB） slice-wise overall averaging. The approach begins with signal resampling

which involves tracking zero-crossings in the rotational speed to resample vibration signals. Subsequently

it separates short signals from the resampled data based on encoder signals

forming a collection of short signals corresponding to individual reciprocating cycles. Each short signal undergoes MSB analysis to generate the MSB bicoherence slice spectrum. The optimal carrier frequency and its associated modulation signal slice spectrum are determined from the bicoherence slice spectrum. Finally

an overall average of the MSB modulation signal slice spectra from the short signal collection results in the overall averaging feature. Validation of the method using fault test data demonstrates its effectiveness in diagnosing faults in low-speed reciprocating motion bearings.

关键词

故障诊断调制信号双谱短信号低速往复运转轴承变桨轴承

Keywords

Fault diagnosisModulation signal bispectrumShort signalLow-speed reciprocating bearingSlewing bearing

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