最新刊期
卷 47 ， 期 5 ， 2023
- 摘要：A novel type of integral damping gear （IDG） is developed and designed to study the influence of different damping liquid viscosity of IDG on the vibration and noise reduction characteristics of the gear transmission system. The IDG damping mechanical model is established, and the effectiveness of IDG control of gear system vibration is analyzed. An experimental platform for the first-order spur gear transmission system is built to compare the vibration at the support of the ordinary spur gear system and the IDG system with different damping liquid viscosity. The results show that IDG can effectively control the vibration of the gear transmission shaft system. In the range of damping fluid viscosity used in this experiment, with the increase of the damping fluid viscosity used in IDG, the vibration of the gear shaft system decreases gradually, and the average vibration reduction amplitude of IDG under the maximum viscosity is more than 50%. At the same time, IDG can effectively reduce the noise of the gear system, and the maximum viscosity can reduce 7.6 dB（A） noise. It is further proved that IDG has excellent vibration and noise reduction characteristics, which ensures the smooth operation of the gear transmission system and provides a new idea for vibration and noise reduction of the gear system.关键词：Integral damping gear;Damping fluid viscosity;Gear transmission system;Vibration control;Noise reduction
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发布时间：2023-08-14 - 摘要：Involute splines are widely used in the transmission system of special vehicles. At present, the spline pair is regarded as rigid connection, and the interface contact state of spline pairs directly affects the characteristics of the transmission system in the environment where the dynamic characteristics of the transmission system are highly required. Considering the fit clearance of spline pairs, the engagement stiffness of spline single teeth is calculated using the cantilever beam model, and the bending-torsional coupling model of involute spline pairs is established. The Runge-Kuta method is used to solve the model, the dynamics test platform is built to verify the correctness of the analytical model, and the acceleration spectrum characteristics are analysed. The research results show that the theoretical and experimental results are consistent under different rotational frequencies, which proves the validity of the model. With the increase of the clearance, the force of each spline pair tooth decreases, and the force of each tooth is not uniform under the same clearance amount. The proposed dynamic model analysis method can provide a basis for the study of interface contact characteristics of involute splines in clearance fit.关键词：Involute spline pair;Fit clearance;Bending-torsion coupling model;Meshing stiffness;Contact characteristics
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发布时间：2023-08-14 - 摘要：At present, the main structural form of sprocket body generally adopts the integral structure at home and abroad, which is difficult to reverse and maintain. The split sprocket shaft group has great advantages in maintenance cost and convenience compared with the integral sprocket shaft group. According to the classical theoretical mechanics, the force analysis of the split sprocket body with new structure is carried out. It is combined with the results of finite element analysis, and then the calculation method of the split sprocket body connection structure design is obtained. This research provides the research method of force analysis of the split sprocket, which can provide necessary loads and constraints for design calculation and finite element analysis. When the split sprocket body is connected by connecting screws, cylindrical pins are set between the upper and lower sprocket bodies to transmit torque, which can ensure the connection reliability of the scraper sprocket of the existing high-power heavy scraper under the conditions of limited installation space and limited number of connecting bolts. Thus it can provide reference and theoretical guidance for the design of similar sprocket bodies in the future.关键词：Split sprocket body;Force analysis;Connecting screw;Cylindrical pin;Finite element calculation
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发布时间：2023-08-14 - 摘要：The tooth surface friction has an important impact on the tooth surface contact stress and the tooth surface contact fatigue life. In the estimation of the contact fatigue life of the tooth surface, the influence of the friction force of the tooth surface is often ignored, which is not conducive to the accurate prediction of the contact fatigue life of the tooth surface. In order to accurately predict the contact fatigue life of the tooth surface, the R-S-N curves are fitted based on the three-parameter Weibull distribution and the nominal stress method according to the tooth surface contact fatigue test data of 18CrNiMo7-6 gear material. By calculating the contact stress on the tooth surface, the time-varying friction factor is introduced, and the influence of the time-varying friction factor on the contact fatigue life of the tooth surface is analyzed. Finally, the tooth surface contact fatigue test is used to verify the validity. The results show that the contact fatigue limit of tooth surface estimated by the traditional nominal stress method is large due to the influence of the time-varying friction factor, and the influence of the friction factor on contact fatigue life of tooth surfaces decreases with the increase of stress.关键词：R-S-N curve;Weibull distribution;Friction coefficient;Contact fatigue life;Gear transmission
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发布时间：2023-08-14 - 摘要：In view of the noise generated during the operation of the RV reducers, the tooth surface of the involute gear and the cycloid gear are modified, the modification amount is obtained based on the empirical modification formula, and the orthogonal test table is established. With the RV110E type reducer as the research object, the noise value of the reducer under different modifications is obtained based on the RecurDyn software. The results show that the noise reduction effect of the RV reducer is significant for the involute gear modification, and the maximum noise value is reduced by 7.78 dB(A). The virtual prototype of the RV110E type reducer is built with Romax software, and the parameters of involute gear modification are imported. Comparing the simulation results before and after the modification, it can be seen that the transmission error of the combined modified involute gear is reduced, the peak load per unit length of the tooth surface is reduced, the problem of tooth surface off-load and noise are improved, and the transmission stability of the reducer is effectively improved. The research results have certain reference significance for gear modification of different types of RV reducers.关键词：RV reducer;Gear modification;Noise reduction
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发布时间：2023-08-14
Theory·Research
- 摘要：Planetary gear train is mainly used for power transmission, so it is of great significance to study its self-locking and efficiency. In this study, the self-locking analysis and efficiency maximization design of a 3K-H planetary gear train are carried out. Firstly, the efficiency of the positive and negative mechanism of the gear train is calculated using the transmission ratio method. Then, a unified formula for the efficiency of the planetary gear train is summarized. Furthermore, the efficiency curve is drawn by Matlab. Next, the trend of efficiency change of the planetary gear train and the conditions for realizing self-locking are analyzed. Finally, how to maximize the efficiency of the opposite mechanism under the condition of self-locking is studied.关键词：3K-H;Planetary gear train;Transmission ratio method;Efficiency;Self-locking
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发布时间：2023-08-14 - 摘要：Wrap-around packaging is widely used in logistics and transportation packaging. The development of a self-propelled winding and packaging robot can significantly push up the technological progress of the industry, and the key to the development of this robot is the design of the packaging film fixing device. In this study, we propose a packaging film fixing device for a self-propelled wrap-around robot, including a cylinder driven articulated arm, a clamping and turning mechanism, a press tape cutting mechanism, and a tape unfolding mechanism. Based on the mechanism design according to the work requirements, SolidWorks is used to model the structure in three dimensions, and the multi-body kinematic analysis is performed by Adams to verify the feasibility of the mechanism. The simulation results show that the running trajectory of the belt chuck conforms to the planned path and meets the design requirements. The structural design and simulation study in this study provide the basis for the subsequent practicalization of the winding and packaging robot.关键词：Packaging robot;Wrap-around packaging;Packaging film fixing device;Modeling;Adams simulation
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发布时间：2023-08-14 - 摘要：In order to improve the motion performance of compliant robots, a rotary series elastic actuator (SEA) based on arc helical springs is designed. The proposed SEA can be used to provide a wide range of flexible torsion by the combination of multi-stage rotary structures. The inner and outer double layers of springs with different stiffness are connected in series. The dynamic model of the flexible joint with the proposed SEA is established. The control law for the flexible joint is derived by the backstepping algorithm. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed SEA and the control law, the dynamic performance of the flexible joint with interference torques is simulated by Matlab and Adams. The results show that the controller can overcome the interference force and restore the balance state of the flexible joint within 0.59 s，which verifies the effectiveness of the designed elastic actuator structure and control law.关键词：Compliant robot;Series elastic actuator;Dynamics performance;Backstepping control
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发布时间：2023-08-14 - 摘要：Aiming at the problems of low efficiency, high labor intensity and single function of picking equipment at the current stage of manual apple picking, this study is based on the TRIZ and inspired by the principle of invention, to analyze the end effector, transport device, collection box and other structures of the apple picking robot. With innovative design, a robot integrating picking, collecting and sorting functions has been designed. The D-H model of the picking manipulator is established, the working space of the robot is analyzed by Matlab, the motion simulation of the picking process of the robot is carried out by Adams, and a 1∶3 experimental prototype is made to verify the functional feasibility of each part. The results show that the functions of each part of the robot are perfect, the design is reasonable, the operation is reliable, and it meets the needs of use, which provides theoretical support for the further development and improvement of the follow-up robot.关键词：TRIZ;Picking robot;End-effector;Analysis of operating range;Dynamic simulation
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发布时间：2023-08-14 - 摘要：The drag torque of the wet clutch affects the efficiency of the transmission, and the engagement torque of the clutch affects the reliability of the transmission. However, reducing the drag torque and increasing the engagement torque are generally contradictory. This study takes the wet friction clutch as the research object, and takes the inner diameter, outer diameter, radial groove depth, radial groove width and number of radial grooves, friction plate clearance of the wet clutch as the optimal design variables. The minimum drag torque and maximum engagement torque are the optimization objectives, the mathematical model of the optimization design is established, and the solution method of the optimization toolbox of Matlab is given. Taking a fracturing truck gearbox clutch as an example, the multi-objective optimization design is carried out. After optimization, the drag torque is reduced by 31.67%, and the engagement torque is increased by 33.51%. The results show that the optimization method used in this study is effective and can provide theoretical reference for the design of the friction plate structure and the optimization of clutch parameters.关键词：Wet friction clutch;Drag torque;Engagement torque;Optimization design
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发布时间：2023-08-14 - 摘要：Using the modified Grübler-Kutzbach's formula of mechanism mobility, the calculation of the mobility of combined mechanism may produce wrong results. In order to correctly calculate the mobility of combined mechanism, and to consider that the calculation method of the mobility of combined mechanism is convenient for engineers for study and application, according to the modified Grübler-Kutzbach's formula of the mechanism mobility, the calculation formula of mobility of combined mechanism is deduced. The general calculation formula of mobility of mechanism is obtained. The attentions of calculating mobility of combined mechanism are proposed. The method of dividing the combined mechanism into basic mechanisms is given. Numerical examples are given. The modified Grübler-Kutzbach's formula of mechanism mobility can only be used to calculate mobility of a basic mechanism, and to calculate mobility of combined mechanism in that each basic mechanism has the same common constraint. The mobility of general combined mechanism should be calculated by the calculation formula of mobility of combined mechanism. The mobility of combined mechanism is equal to the sum of the mobility of each basic mechanism.关键词：Combined mechanism;Mobility;Calculation;Basic mechanism;Common constraint
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发布时间：2023-08-14 - 摘要：Aiming at the problem that the internal condition of the pipeline can not pass the manual inspection after the completion of welding, a pipeline robot which can independently inspect the welded pipeline is proposed. The robot can adapt to the change of pipe diameter autonomously, so as to solve the problems of complicated control and low control precision caused by the artificial control of the support mechanism. Firstly, the design requirements of the pipeline robot are presented, and the overall structure and working principles of the pipeline robot are introduced. Secondly, the scheme design and force analysis of the supporting mechanism of the robot are carried out, and the geometric constraints of the overall structure of the pipeline robot and the movement constraints in the bend are analyzed. Finally, Adams software is used to simulate the proposed scheme to verify its passability in the pipeline.关键词：Pipeline robot;Adaptive pipe diameter;Independent drive;Structural design
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发布时间：2023-08-14
Design· Calculation
- 摘要：Taking a new type of 35 pumping unit suitable for deep well mining as the research object, the mechanical analysis of its gear long ring rack transmission mechanism is carried out to solve the problems of short operation cycle and high energy consumption in deep well mining with electric submersible pump. The mechanical model of the transmission mechanism is established and the force variation law of the gear long ring rack is obtained in the process of reversing. Based on the dynamic simulation of the pumping unit operation process using Adams, the dynamic characteristics of the transmission mechanism and rollers are studied and the influence of dynamic on the pumping unit operation state is analyzed. The results show that the force of the transmission mechanism changes with the gear position in the process of commutation. During the up and down stroke, the size and direction of the force on the long ring rack are different. The rack box is overturned around its own x, y and z axes. The pneumatic counterweight of 7 t is the best counterweight of the pumping unit. The research results can provide a theoretical reference for the further improvement and optimization of the pumping unit parts.关键词：Long stroke pumping unit;Transmission mechanism;Adams simulation;Low impulse times;Dynamics
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发布时间：2023-08-14 - 摘要：Aiming at the demand for reliability evaluation of RV reducers, the Gamma models, which can represent the performance degenerate process of reducers, are established respectively combining with transmission error data and backlash data of reducer performance degenerate test. A maximum likelihood estimation method is applied to estimate the parameters of degenerate models. Taking the models above as marginal distribution functions, a binary degenerate model of RV reducers is established through Copula function. The reliability and expected failure life of RV reducers are evaluated. The results show that the reliability evaluated by degenerate models based on transmission error and backlash is essentially in agree with the test results. The models can represent the degenerate process of RV reducers accurately. Gaussian Copula function is more suitable for representing the correlation between transmission error degenerate data and backlash degenerate data. Through the binary degenerate model, the expected failure life of RV reducers can be evaluated at different reliability under this working condition.关键词：RV reducer;Reliability evaluation;Gamma process;Copula function
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发布时间：2023-08-14 - 摘要：Focusing on the insufficient life of a heavy U-joint bearing and taking the contact strength as the key analysis, the influence of the bottom support of the case of the U-joint bearing on the contact strength is analyzed. It is believed that the support effect of the case should be considered in numerical calculation model of the U-joint bearing strength. Through the comparative analysis of multi-group crown and taper optimization under three kinds of needle diameters, it is found that the journal taper is most sensitive to the life of U-joint comparing to the needle crown height and needle crown length. It is also found that under different design parameters, the influence tendency of light load and heavy load on bearing strength is not exactly identical. Hence, it should be analyzed according to the actual load situation. The optimization results show that the contact stress of the needle roller bearing is reduced by 18.4%, the minimum test life of the U-joint bearing is increased by 28.6%, and the maximum test life is increased by 61%, indicating the nonlinear relationship between the life of the U-joint needle roller bearing and the structural parameters, and also show the correctness of the optimization model and analysis scheme of U-joint contact strength. It is significant in providing reference for the life optimization method of U-joint with needle roller crowns and journal tapers.关键词：U-joint bearing;Contact strength;Finite element method;Life
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发布时间：2023-08-14 - 摘要：The finite element analysis models of the gear temperature field and transmission error are established based on Workbench. The gear temperature field at different revolutions and torques, the gear transmission errors at different speeds and temperatures are analyzed. Simulation of gear temperature field through Ansys Workbench, the distribution results of gear temperature field and gear meshing line temperature field are obtained; the temperature result is used as a load in the simulation study of gear transmission error by means of indirect coupling, and the simulation result of gear transmission error is obtained. The results show that with the increase of gear speed and torque, the gear temperature presents an overall upward trend; the linear relationship between gear revolution, gear torque and temperature variation of gear meshing line is approximately presented. In the simulation analysis of gear transmission error, with the increase of the gear speed and temperature, gear transmission error curve moves up and down respectively, but the peak-to-valley value of the gear transmission error curve does not change much; the gear speed and temperature are approximately linearly related to the variation of the gear transmission errors.关键词：Gear;Temperature field;Thermal deformation;Transmission error;Finite element method
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发布时间：2023-08-14 - 摘要：As an important part of mechanical transmission, gears have become one of the main sources of vibration and noise of mechanical equipment in the application process. In order to reduce and isolate the vibration of the helical gear system, a novel structure of G-type integral squeeze film damper (GISFD) is proposed, and the influence of GISFD on the vibration characteristics of the helical gear is explored. Based on GISFD, an open-type single-stage helical gear test bench is built, and the GISFD's influence experiment on the vibration characteristics of the helical gear system at different speeds is carried out. The experimental results show that GISFD has a good vibration reduction effect on helical gear shafts at different speeds. At 1,200 r/min, the vibration reduction of the main and secondary shaft of helical gear under GISFD can reach up to 59.61%. Meanwhile, GISFD can suppress the vibration of the helical gear meshing frequency and its second frequency, and the vibration reduction can reach up to 85.71%. GISFD also has a good vibration suppression effect on worn helical gears, and the vibration reduction in the horizontal direction of the driving shaft can reach 83.99% at 1 200 r/min.关键词：G-type integral squeeze film damper;Helical gear;Vibration suppression
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发布时间：2023-08-14 - 摘要：In this study, a spiral bevel gearbox of the aero-engine is taken as the research object. A method of gear system-level modal analysis of bevel gears is proposed. Based on the design parameters and machining parameters, a 3D model of spiral bevel gear pairs with accurate tooth surface is established. Then the static analysis of the gear pair is carried out to determine the normal contact of the gears. After that, the pre-stressed modal analysis is done to obtain the modal of the gear system. And the result is compared with the experimental data to verify the accuracy and effectiveness of the method. Finally, according to the engineering practice, the influence of different contact surfaces and loads on the system mode is analyzed. The results show that the pre-stressed modal analysis method based on accurate tooth surface can be used for modal analysis of the bevel gear system. The system mode has strong sensitivity to the contact surfaces but is weak to loads. That is to say, in a certain range, the influence of loads can be ignored, but the modal analysis of different contact surfaces is needed.关键词：Spiral bevel gear;Accurate tooth surface;Modal analysis;Contact surface;Load
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发布时间：2023-08-14 - 摘要：Sprag-type overrunning clutches are widely used in aeroengines and the helicopter transmission system. The research on the contact properties of sprag-type overrunning clutches has important significance to the design of high reliability clutch. In order to study the effects of torque and coefficient of friction on the contact properties of sprag-type overrunning clutches, Hertz contact theory and finite element method are used to investigate the dynamic contact properties of sprag-type overrunning clutches. The results show that both rolling and sliding occur when friction is considered, the contact stress between sprags and races is elliptically distributed with a large eccentricity, the contact stress is distributed in the parabolic shape along the length of the sprags, maximum contact stress couldn't reflect the effects of torque on contact stress, the torque transmitted beyond the clutch is positively correlated with its torsion angle, the coefficient of friction doesn't affect the maximum contact stress and the torsion angle of the clutch, the coefficient of friction is nonlinear with the sliding distance and linear with the maximum friction stress.关键词：Overrunning clutch;Contact property;Finite element method
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发布时间：2023-08-14
Test·Analysis
- 摘要：Aiming at the problems of insufficient curvature of the tooth profile of the wheel of the high reduction hypoid (HRH) gear, and high twist of the tooth surface of the pinion with a large helix angle, a method of using a tool to modify the wheel to realize the point contact of the tooth surface is proposed; the pinion adopts the general hobbing method, which simplifies the machining parameters of the machine tool. Three-dimensional models of wheels and pinions and Ease-off topological surfaces are established; the contact performance parameters of tooth surfaces, such as the contact path, differential curvatures, transmission error, etc. are analyzed. The contact areas of the tooth surface before and after modification are compared by 3D motion simulation，and the edge contact is avoided after modification, and the contact area is located in the middle of the tooth surface near the small end, which is consistent with the actual contact spot of the gear. The dynamic performance test of HRH gear reducers has been completed, the gear meshing transmission performance is excellent, and the meshing quality is stable, which verifies the reasonable control of the designed HRH gear modification amount, and the correct theoretical calculation and motion simulation.关键词：Hypoid gear;Modification tool;Ease-off surface;Motion simulation;Vibration
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发布时间：2023-08-14 - 摘要：Aiming at the problem of insufficient gear fault samples, a fault diagnosis method of transfer learning based on Hilbert-Huang spectrum and pre-trained VGG16 model is proposed. Firstly, the intrinsic mode function (IMF) is obtained by Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) of vibration signals, and the time spectrum is obtained by Hilbert transform of IMF with the largest correlation coefficient. Secondly, pre-trained VGG16 is used to extract Hilbert-Huang spectrum image features of gears under varying loads and under various health conditions. Finally, the global average pooling layer is used to replace partial full connection layer of VGG16 model for classification output. Experimental results show that with a small amount of sample data, the accuracy of gear fault diagnosis reaches 98.86%, which is better than the transfer learning methods such as TLCNN and Tran VGG-19. It is proved that the method presented in this paper has some research value in gear fault diagnosis.关键词：Transfer learning;VGG16;Hilbert-Huang spectrum;Gear fault diagnosis;Global average pooling
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发布时间：2023-05-31 - 摘要：Aiming at the problems of improving the adaptability of variational mode decomposition (VMD) and in order to optimize the intrinsic mode function (IMF) and multi-fault classification, a gearbox fault diagnosis method is proposed, with which the Aquila optimizer (AO) optimizes VMD, the comprehensive evaluation model optimizes IMF, and improves the Aquila optimizer optimization support vector machine (IAO-SVM). Firstly, AO is used to optimize the parameters of VMD and decompose the original signal. Secondly, a CRITIC-TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation model based on correlation coefficient, kurtosis, envelope entropy, energy entropy is constructed to optimize IMF, and energy entropy is extracted to establish feature vectors. Finally, it is input into IAO-SVM to identify faults. The effectiveness of this method is verified by experiments.关键词：Aquila optimizer;Variational mode decomposition;Comprehensive evaluation model;Improved aquila optimizer algorithm;Support vector machine
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发布时间：2023-08-14 -
Weak Feature Extraction of Rolling Bearing Fault Based on Generalized Variational Mode Decomposition
摘要：Aiming at the deficiency of variational mode decomposition (VMD) in on-demand extraction of weak feature components, a generalized VMD (GVMD) is proposed to extract the weak features of rolling bearing faults. GVMD has excellent multi-scale and fixed frequency decomposition performance in the frequency domain. The spectrum decomposition positions and frequency domain decomposition scales of the algorithm can be flexibly dominated by prior center frequencies and scale parameters to realize on-demand decomposition. The simulation and experimental results show that, compared with VMD, GVMD can accurately extract weak feature components of bearing faults as desired by taking full advantage of bearing fault frequency information and bandwidth information, and the algorithm is robust to noise.关键词：Variational mode decomposition;Rolling bearing fault;Weak signal extraction;On-demand decomposition- 24
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发布时间：2023-08-14 - 摘要：Aiming at the problem that the rack and pinion for the Three Gorges ship lift may face fatigue failure during its whole life cycle, the load spectrum including the stressed tooth surface and the number of load cycles is constructed in this study based on the rack and pinion load calculated by the torques of the driving motors and the synchronous shafts. Combined with the S-N curve of racks and Miner's linear cumulative damage criterion, the damage degree and residual fatigue life of racks within 35 years of design life are calculated. In addition, the cumulative iteration method is used to calculate the contact and bending safety factors of the rack, which realizes the comparison between the actual load and the design load of the rack and the operation safety performance verification. The results show that, the upper tooth surface of the rack has more meshing times, and its probability is 73.03%. During the design life, the total contact fatigue damage degree of the upper tooth surface of the rack is 1.65×10-12, and the total number of cycles according to the load spectrum is 1.87×1017. The total damage degree of the bending fatigue of the upper tooth surface of the rack is 8.15×10-14; the total number of cycles according to the load spectrum is 3.78×1018; the rack has a long residual fatigue life after 35 years of design life. The contact safety factor of the racks SH=2.958, bending safety factor SF=8.106, are both greater than the selected minimum safety factor under high reliability and the calculated safety factor under design load, and the safety margin of ship lift racks is sufficient. The research content of this study has enriched the relevant research in the field of fatigue life of super-large modulus racks and pinions, and provides theoretical basis and data support for the operation and maintenance of the Three Gorges ship lift.关键词：Three gorges ship lift;Rack and pinion;Load spectrum;Fatigue life;Safety factor
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发布时间：2023-08-14
Development·Application
- 摘要：The comprehensive efficiency of the gear transmission directly restricts the development quality of transportation, construction, wind power and other fields, and the requirements of gear transmission power, load capacity and life expectancy improve gradually. However, the fatigue failure of gear greatly limits the performance and reliability of modern gear equipment. The present situation of fatigue crack initiation and propagation of gear is discussed comprehensively, and the main forms and causes of the gear failure are introduced. This research induces the factors affecting the fatigue strength of gears, summarizes three types of gear cracks, the crack initiation and extension method, and the existing gear fatigue crack simulation method. It is used to describe the microstructure mechanical behavior of gear fatigue, improve the understanding of the related characteristics and mechanism of gear fatigue, and study and analyze the remaining service life of gear fatigue tests. Finally, some suggestions on how to avoid gear cracks are put forward.关键词：Gear fatigue;Crack;Contact fatigue;Bending fatigue
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发布时间：2023-08-14
Review
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