最新刊期
卷 47 ， 期 1 ， 2023
- 摘要：Taking the friction pair of wet brake as the research object, based on the micro surface contact theory and considering the influence of viscous forces between the asperity, the asperity side-contact viscoelastic model of the asperity friction surface is established. By normalizing and integrating the microscopic model, the formulae for the relationship between the macroscopic axial pressure, rotational speed and frictional torque, which reflect the characteristics of the microscopic model parameters, are derived, and the microscopic mechanism of the negative slope of the frictional torque-speed characteristic at low rotational speeds is obtained. The results show that when the axial pressure and the asperity dimensionless radius of curvature are reduced, the minimum value of the frictional torque variation rate (dTf /dn) will increase and the amount of the frictional torque variation will decrease, which is beneficial to reduce the wear of friction pairs. At the same time, through the bench experiment, the relationship between the negative slope characteristics and related parameters is reproduced. Compared with the experimental test, the accuracy of the theoretical analysis model is 86.82%, and the simulation results are accurate. This is of important theoretical significance for further studying the friction performance and improving the service life of friction pairs.关键词：Wet brake;Friction torque attenuation;Surface contact theory;Friction pair;Viscoelastic force
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发布时间：2023-06-07 - 摘要：An accuracy synthesis approach for a 2UPS & UPR & UP parallel robot is proposed. Based on the nominal kinematic equations, an error mapping model of the robot is established using the perturbation method, and the compensable and uncompensable geometric error sources are sorted out. The standard deviation relationship between the uncompensable error sources and the terminal attitude errors is established to reveal the standard deviation distribution of the terminal attitude error in the workspace. A sensitivity analysis of the uncompensable error sources is carried out to determine the influence of each uncompensable geometric error source on the terminal accuracy. According to the 3σ principle, the sensitivity index is taken as the allocation coefficient, and the values of the uncompensable error sources under the given terminal accuracy are obtained through the accuracy synthesis. The proposed approach can provide a theoretical basis for the manufacturing of the robot, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulation.关键词：Parallel robot;Error model;Accuracy analysis;Accuracy synthesis
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发布时间：2023-06-07 - 摘要：The influence of elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) to the spur gear profile modification is considered for the first time, and a new method of spur gear profile modification is proposed using gear EHL friction pair meshing stiffness to replace gear meshing stiffness to calculate the maximum modification amount. Based on the EHL theory and by simplifying the EHL film into linearized spring and damping, a tribology-dynamics coupling model of line contact friction pair is established and the stiffness of tooth surface EHL friction pair is obtained by numerical method; the gear meshing stiffness and the meshing stiffness of gear EHL friction pair are calculated respectively using the definition of ISO gear meshing stiffness and the maximum modification amount is calculated based on two different gear meshing stiffness; through Creo, the meshing models of a standard gear pair, an ISO method modified gear pair and an EHL friction pair stiffness modified gear pair are established respectively. Dynamic meshing force, angular acceleration and transmission error of the three kinds of gear pairs are simulated and compared using Adams and Romax. The values of maximum modification amount calculated based on the stiffness of the EHL friction pair are compared with the values of modification amount of some engineering actual modified gears. The results show that the gear stiffness decreases significantly when taking into account the effect of EHL, which leads to an increase in the maximum gear modification amount. The modification effect based on the stiffness of the EHL friction pair is better than that when using the ISO method and the gear dynamic performance and transmission performance is improved significantly. And the theoretical calculation values of the modification amount are also closer to the values of actual modification amount of the engineering gear.关键词：EHL Friction pair stiffness;Tooth profile modification;Amount of modification;Dynamic meshing force;Transmission error
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发布时间：2023-06-07 - 摘要：In order to reveal the influence law of RV reducer modal on transmission error, the RV-40E is used as the research object, the equivalent model method is used to construct its mass stiffness dynamic model and then the mathematical model of the RV reducer transmission error and natural frequency is established. For the intermediate stiffness, it is found that the transmission error is negatively correlated with the natural frequency. In order to verify the model, the RV-40E products of Nabtesco and domestic companies are selected to conduct a comparative test of natural frequency, stiffness and transmission error. It is found that the greater the first-order natural frequency of the RV reducer is, the greater the stiffness was and the smaller the transmission error is. The above research provides a method for the modal and performance testing of the RV reducer, and provides an important reference basis for the transformation of the RV reducer from structure design to performance design.关键词：RV reducer;Dynamic model;Transmission error;Stiffness characteristic;Natural frequency
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发布时间：2023-06-07 - 摘要：To investigate the effects of the gear eccentricity on the dynamic characteristics of the gear transmission system of locomotives, a locomotive dynamics model considering gear transmission system is established. The gear transmission sub-system and the locomotive system are coupled through the gear meshing, suspension system and wheel-rail interactions. The nonlinear factors such as gear backlash, time-varying meshing stiffness, track geometric irregularity and wheel-rail contact are considered in detail. The proposed model can reflect the vehicle dynamic behavior more realistically under traction state. The dynamic behaviours of the gear transmission system for the locomotive are systematically investigated under different gear eccentricities, and is verified by field tests. The results show that the dynamic performance of gear transmission system is directly affected by gear eccentricity, and its transmission stability deteriorates gradually with the increase of eccentricity. In addition, among the different monitoring points of the gearbox housing, the vertical acceleration near the pinion end is most significantly affected by gear eccentricity. This point can be used for gear eccentricity health monitoring, which provides a theoretical basis for the operation and maintenance of the locomotive gear transmission system.关键词：Locomotive rolling stock;Gear transmission system;Dynamic behavior;Gear eccentricity
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发布时间：2023-06-07 - 摘要：In view of the lack of design theory and load-bearing calculation method of dual-lead precision worm drives, the meshing geometry model of the dual-lead worm drive is established based on the principle of spatial meshing, and the design methods of geometric parameters, adjustment and compensation of this worm drive are proposed. Based on the ISO/TS 14521 and using the relative calculation method, loading capacity calculation models for the transmission efficiency, tooth surface wear, tooth surface pitting and tooth root broken are developed. The dual-lead precision worm drive prototype is designed and manufactured, and the transmission performance test is carried out. Through the theoretical analysis, simulation calculation and prototype performance experiment, the correctness of the design method and the reliability of the load-bearing calculation method are verified, which provides a theoretical basis for the design and analysis of the wide application of dual-lead precision worm drives.关键词：Dual-lead worm drive;Meshing geometry;Parameter design;Bearing capacity
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发布时间：2023-06-07 - 摘要：Taking point-line meshing gears and involute gears as the research object, a simulation model of two kinds of meshing gears is established, the meshing characteristics of point-line meshing gears and involute gears in transmission error, tooth surface load distribution, tooth surface sliding speed distribution, tooth surface contact stress distribution, tooth root bending stress distribution, meshing contact trace analysis are comprehensively compared and analyzed. It is obtained that the point-line meshing gear is obviously better than the involute gear in the above meshing characteristics, which provides a theoretical basis for a more comprehensive understanding of point-line meshing gear transmission and has a certain theoretical value for its popularization and application.关键词：Point-line meshing gear;Involute gear;Simulation model;Meshing characteristics
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发布时间：2023-06-07
Theory·Research
- 摘要：Gear-rack transmission is an important mechanical transmission mode and the time-varying mesh stiffness of gear-rack is one of the main excitation sources, which has an important effect on the vibration and noise level of the mechanical system. An analytical calculation method for time-varying mesh stiffness of articulated supported rack-gear transmission is proposed based on the potential energy principle, which aims to solve the problem of efficient and accurate analytical calculation for gear-rack mesh stiffness. Then, the time-varying mesh stiffness of a gear-rack transmission with different parameters is calculated using this method. By comparing the calculated results with that derived from the finite element model, the correctness of the established analytical calculation model is verified. In addition, the effect of the vertical clearance, pressure angle and rack length on the time-varying mesh stiffness of gear-rack is analyzed using this analytical calculation model. The results indicate that the analytical calculation model can accurately calculate the time-varying mesh stiffness of the gear-rack transmission, and it can provide theoretical support for the dynamic analysis of gear-rack transmission system.关键词：Gear-rack;Time-varying mesh stiffness;Analytical calculation;Finite element analysis
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发布时间：2023-06-07 - 摘要：In order to improve the design efficiency of high-speed train gear coupling and optimize the design structure, the CAD/CAE technology is used to carry out the integrated design. The CAD software is used to design and virtually assemble the drive device and a motion simulation analysis of the drive device is conducted, which produce the wheel set linear speed of the traction motor under the rated speed and the maximum speed. The CAE software is used to adjust the drum gear. The coupling is subjected to static strength analysis and safety check to ensure its safety in service; the results show that the linear wheel speed of the traction motor is 243.3 km/h at the rated speed and 349.1 km/h at the maximum speed, respectively, which satisfy high-speed operating conditions. The maximum stress of the drum-shaped gear coupling under balanced conditions and maximum angular displacement conditions are 391 MPa and 403 MPa respectively, which meet the requirements of safe operation. The above-mentioned coupling CAD/CAE integrated design method provides a reference for its optimization.关键词：High-speed train;Driving device;Drum-shaped gear coupling;CAD/CAE integrated design
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发布时间：2023-06-07 - 摘要：The wave glider is a new type of unmanned observation platform on water surface, which can generate forward thrust by obtaining wave energy through the swing of submerged glider's hydrofoils. By analyzing the wave energy loss caused by the umbilical cable inclination angle of the submerged glider of the conventional wave glider, a hydrofoil swing mechanism that can change the lower limit of hydrofoil swing with the change of the umbilical cable inclination angle is designed. Firstly, the adjustment ability of the lower limit follow-up mechanism to the hydrofoil swing angle is simulated and analyzed by the computational fluid dynamics software Fluent; secondly, the prototype of the lower limit follow-up mechanism is designed by adding a set of parallelogram transmission mechanism in the conventional submerged glider. A large wave simulation test platform is setup and the propulsion performance of the prototype is verified by pool tests. The research shows that the new hydrofoil swing mechanism can improve the propulsion performance of the submerged glider.关键词：Wave glider;Lower limit follow-up;Propulsion performance;Pool test
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发布时间：2023-06-07 - 摘要：In order to clarify the different output mechanism and following ripple difference between external gear pump and motor, based on the reverse design method from performance to gear parameter and special involute feature without undercut, from the contact ratio factor which can best reflect output ripple performance and trapped-oil performance, teeth number which can best reflect lightweight effect as constructed variables of involute profile, the function expressions of dimensionless normal length outside pitch circle and other involute profile parameters are derived, and then the ripple factor formulas of output flow for gear pump and output speed for gear motor are reconstructed. The minimum contact ratio factor and the minimum teeth number are determined by lightweight method under the allowable ripple factor. All results show that contact ratio factor is a key parameter that affects the output ripple, ripple factor of output speed is larger than that of output flow, the larger the contact ratio factor is, the smaller the ripple factor and the smaller the ripple difference is, but the larger the relief load of trapped-oil is; the contact ratio factor and teeth number are two key parameters affecting the lightweight effect, the greater the contact ratio factor or the fewer teeth, the better the lightweight effect; the minimum contact ratio factor is uniquely determined by the allowable ripple factor, and the minimum teeth number is determined by the minimum contact ratio factor, the limited addendum pressure angle and the limited addendum center angle, etc., thus, the existing conclusions on the ripple factor of gear pump/gear motor are improved.关键词：Gear pump and motor;Contact ratio factor;Normal length outside pitch circle;Flow ripple factor;Speed ripple factor;Minimum teeth number
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发布时间：2023-06-07 - 摘要：In order to enlarge the rotation workspace of the manipulator, an annular 3-PPR planar parallel mechanism with full rotation capability is proposed. Resorting to homogeneous transformation and closed vector method, the inverse kinematics solution of the manipulator is obtained. Based on the normalized Jacobian matrix, the singularity and dexterity performance of the manipulator are analyzed, and the optimal configuration parameters with great performance are obtained. Combined with the inverse kinematics solution and the geometry constraints of the manipulator, the reachable workspace is determined. Kinematics simulation of the manipulator is carried out by Matlab and Adams software, and the correctness of the theoretical model is verified. This research provides a theoretical basis for the design and application of the annular 3-PPR planar parallel manipulator, and it is also useful for further study, such as dynamics analysis, optimal design and so on.关键词：Parallel Manipulator;Kinematics;Singularity;Performance analysis;Workspace
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发布时间：2023-06-07
Design· Calculation
- 摘要：In order to analyze motion and anti-slip characteristics of a limited-slip differential with curve-faced gear-pair, a static model of the differential is established based on the principle of the curve-faced gear pair meshing and the differential. The influence of the order, the eccentricity and the gear pair's velocity on the differential's motion characteristics when turning is analyzed. The dynamic characteristics of the limited-slip differential with curve-faced gears are worked out with the Adams software. The results show that, compared with the ordinary cone differential, the limited-slip differential with curve-faced gears has significant anti-slip characteristics, and the anti-slip coefficient can reach 2.5. By simplifying the limited-slip differential with curve-faced gear pair, an experimental platform is built. The deflection angular velocity value of the non-circular planetary gear is obtained, which verifies its theoretical value's accuracy in the differential state.关键词：Curve-faced gear pair;Limited slip differential;Statics analysis;Motion simulation
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发布时间：2023-06-07 - 摘要：As one of the most important types of energy, wind power generated electricity is used more and more commonly. For the system of wind power generated electricity, gear box is a key assembly and directly determines its performance. The surface accuracy of gears is one of the key factors which influence the gear box's property. Nowadays, blanks of wind power generating gears are often derived by hobbing and the finishing process is completed using the profile grinding method. In this process, extreme grinding points are very important for studying grinding process, optimizing grinding parameters and eliminating machining deficiencies. Therefore, a new method to determine extreme grinding points is proposed. Based on the meshing principle, surfaces of gear teeth are obtained. Using the profile grinding method, the model for determining extreme grinding points is developed and an iterative way is used to get the points. One example using typical wind power generating gears is carried out to illustrate the correctness and validity of the proposed method.关键词：Gear hobbing;Form grinding;Wind power generating gear;Large modulus;Extreme points of the grinding process
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发布时间：2023-06-07 - 摘要：The cone-beam oral CT requires high transmission accuracy, and harmonic reducers with smooth operation, high precision efficiency and safety factor are mostly used. Its flexspline is prone to failure due to periodic deformation under alternating load when rotating. The tooth profile of the flexspline is designed, modeled by SolidWorks, and imported into the Ansys Workbench for the static analysis, modal analysis, and transient dynamic analysis. The results show that the flexural strain is mainly located at the long and short axes of the wave generator, and the axial strain decreases gradually along the cylinder. The maximum stress is located at the contact between the wave generator and the flexspline, and the maximum stress is located at the connection between the tooth root and the cylinder during the transient dynamic analysis. At the same time, the stress and strain of the flexspline are also affected by tooth width, barrel length and barrel thickness.关键词：Cone-beam oral CT;Harmonic reducer;Flexspline;Finite element analysis
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发布时间：2023-06-07 - 摘要：In order to ensure the normal working state of oval arc tooth line cylindrical gears under bad working conditions, reduce its vibration and noise, and improve its transmission characteristics, the transmission dynamic characteristics of oval arc tooth line cylindrical gear pairs are analyzed. Aiming at the analysis of transmission speed fluctuation of gear pairs under different radius of arc tooth lines, different tooth widths and different speeds, the kinematics and dynamics simulations of oval arc tooth line cylindrical gear pairs are carried out using the Adams software, and the influence rules of three different conditions on gear speed fluctuation are obtained, which provide help for the selection of geometric parameters and determination of processing parameters of involute oval arc tooth cylindrical gears.关键词：Oval arc tooth line cylindrical gear;Gear speed fluctuation;Speed fluctuation coefficient;Dynamic simulation
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发布时间：2023-06-07 - 摘要：Asymmetric polymer gears are used in planetary gear transmission system to cater for the design requirements of compact and lightweight mechanical structure. In order to study the transient elastohydrodynamic lubrication characteristics of the internal meshing teeth of the asymmetric polymer planetary gear transmission, a lubrication model of internal meshing gear transmission of asymmetric polymer planetary gear is established; numerical solution and simulation analysis is completed by the multi-grid method. The similarities and differences between the internal and external meshing geometric parameters of planetary gears are compared and analyzed. The influence of gear operating conditions and different materials of asymmetric polymer planetary gear on transient elastohydrodynamic lubrication is studied. Considering the influence of thermal effect, the temperature distribution of the highest temperature rise and three special instantaneous meshing points in the asymmetric polymer planetary gear was investigated. The lubrication properties of different gear materials under thermal and isothermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication are comparatively studied. The results show that due to the different transmission meshing methods, the geometric parameters of the internal meshing of planetary gears are different from those of external meshing gears. Speed and load have significant influence on the gear elastohydrodynamic lubrication performance. The bearing capacity and isothermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication performance of gears can be improved using asymmetric polymer gear. Polymer gear materials affect tooth strength and heat dissipation at high temperature and heavy load. Asymmetric polymer planetary gears are more suitable for low temperature and low speed environment.关键词：Asymmetric gear;Elastohydrodynamic lubrication;Planetary gear;Polymer gear;Multi-grid method
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发布时间：2023-06-07 - 摘要：The rapid development of polymer materials has promoted the trend of plasticization of metal gears in medium and low load gear transmissions. Plastic helical gears are often used to replace metal worm gears in the worm and helical gear transmission, but the performance of metal and plastic materials is quite different, which leads to complex damage forms of plastic helical gears and the result that fatigue life is difficult to predict. To solve this problem, based on the Hertz contact theory and the relative coordinate method formed in the aerospace field, the multi-body dynamics software RecurDyn is used to establish the rigid-flexible coupling dynamic model to obtain the transient stress value of the plastic helical gear and then it is used as the load input value of the plastic helical gear in the Durability module. The relationship between POM gear fatigue life and contact stress amplitude in German plastic gear standard VDI 2736 is used to obtain the S-N curve of the plastic helical gear, and then the fatigue life of the plastic helical gear is studied based on the stress time history life calculation criterion. The accuracy of the analysis model is verified by the fatigue bench experiment, which provides a theoretical basis for the subsequent research on the fatigue life of plastic gears.关键词：Plastic gear;Rigid-flexible coupling;Dynamic simulation;Fatigue life
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发布时间：2023-06-07
Test·Analysis
- 摘要：Aiming at the problems of premature convergence of cuckoo search algorithm and difficulty in effectively identifying the fault modes of wind turbine gearboxes, an intelligent diagnosis technology based on BP neural network trained by the self-adaptive cuckoo search (SaCS-BP) algorithm is proposed. By constructing SaCS algorithm, the step size and discovery probability are adjusted adaptively, and a set of benchmark functions are employed to test the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Then, the fault diagnosis model of wind turbine gearbox is constructed by combining SaCS with BP neural network. Experimental results show that SaCS algorithm has better optimization accuracy and universality. Moreover, compared with BP neural network and BP network trained by cuckoo search algorithm (CS-BP), SaCS-BP method has the highest diagnostic accuracy, so as to realize the effective identification of the fault modes of wind turbine gearboxes.关键词：Cuckoo search (CS);Self-adaptive;Wind turbine gearbox;BP neural network;Fault diagnosis
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发布时间：2023-06-07 - 摘要：When realizing rolling bearing fault identification through deep learning, there is a low recognition rate and convergence rate due to ambient noise. Aiming at the above problem, a fault identification model based on enhanced empirical wavelet transform (EEWT) and enhanced dictionary learning (EDL) is proposed. Firstly, the vibration signals of rolling bearing are transformed by envelope spectrum, and envelope spectrum adaptive segmentation is implemented through the relationship between the envelope point and the adaptive threshold, and signals are decomposed into several amplitude modulation-frequency modulation (AM-FM) components. Secondly, a new component screening index is proposed, and then the appropriate AM-FM components are reconstructed to effectively reduce the noise of signals. Finally, the sparsity constraint is used to learn the typical structural characteristics in the bearing fault sample layer by layer, and the deep fault dictionary (DFD) is constructed. Then the fault samples are fed into the DFD to determine the fault category according to the reconstruction error of the samples. The test results show that the proposed method is robust to noise and has better fault recognition ability than other models. And the proposed method utilizes the sparse constraint driving dictionary to automatically extract the fault features in the vibration signal samples, while the EDL structure makes the extracted fault features have better hierarchical and physical meaning, which is in line with people's intuitive understanding of the fault and can be used in the rolling bearing fault identification engineering.关键词：Rolling bearing;Faults identification;Empirical wavelet transform;Dictionary learning
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发布时间：2023-06-07 - 摘要：In order to accurately detect, predict and maintain the wear condition of drop forged rivetless chain for conveyors, the methods of wear prediction and active maintenance are developed based on gray model and visual decision support. The wear data are acquired by wear detection device based on machine vision. The obtained data are cleaned by defining and analyzing key parameters of wear condition. A wear prediction model is built based on the gray model. A decision-making support model is constructed that can obtain the optimal plan of maintenance by comprehensively evaluating the wear condition with the forecast data, historical data, and operating condition data. The wear condition can be presented in a three-dimensional and dynamic manner to quickly and accurately locate the wear chain by a visual simulation method. The experiment results show that the wear life prediction model has high fitting accuracy, low false alarm rates, and low missed detection rates of wear early-warning, which can satisfy the requirements of wear life prediction. Through the proposed wear prediction model and visual decision support method, the maintenance efficiency is significantly improved, and the risk of forced shutdown of the production line is reduced.关键词：Drop forged rivetless chain;Visual decision support;Wear prediction;Gray model;Machine vision
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发布时间：2023-06-07 - 摘要：The gearbox vibration signal contains nonlinear impact characteristics, and the significant feature information tends to be overwhelmed with other interference components. Aiming at the key issue of how to effectively extract its impact characteristics, a fault diagnosis method based on an improved extreme symmetric mode decomposition (ESMD) and support vector machine (SVM) as well as a dynamics model of spur bevel gear for investigating typically gearbox fault mechanism is proposed. In this method, the vibration signal is adaptively decomposed into multiple IMF components by the improved ESMD, and then a certain number of components are selected with the maximum kurtosis-envelope spectrum index. Meanwhile, the singular values of each selected IMF are extracted to construct the feature vector set, which is input into the SVM for the fault pattern recognition finally. Dynamic simulation and gearbox experimental research show that the improved ESMD-SVM method can extract and identify gearbox fault information effectively.关键词：Gearbox;Improved ESMD;Dynamics analysis;Pattern recognition
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发布时间：2023-06-07 - 摘要：Rolling bearings normally work under variable speed and load conditions, and their fault becomes hard to be extracted. In this study, for a method of extracting rolling bearing fault is proposed based on the frequency domain energy operator (FDEO) and an improved adaptive maximum second order cyclostationarity blind deconvolution (ACYCBD). Firstly, high speed shaft means the frequency provided by the SCADA system is used to find the optimal vibration component for further analysis. The instantaneous frequency of the vibration component is then estimated using FDEO for order tracking. Finally, for the purpose of addressing the problem such as multiple vibration components existing in a vibration signal collected from wind turbines, which may mask the vibration component of interest, the improved ACYCBD is then used to extract the fault feature. The industrial results show that the proposed method is able to extract the faulty feature at an early stage without the interference of other vibration sources.关键词：Wind turbine;Rolling bearing fault;Frequency domain energy operator;Adaptive maximum second order cyclostationarity blind deconvolution
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发布时间：2023-06-07 - 摘要：Nitriding is widely used in the surface strengthening of gears, but there is a lack of research on the distortion and accuracy of gears after nitriding. Thus, the reasons of nitriding distortion are analyzed and the distortion factors and general laws are explained. The gears made of 42CrMo and 40CrNiNo with three specifications are treated by deep ion nitriding, and the changes of various errors before and after nitriding are systematically measured; the test shows that accuracy of the gears after nitriding decreases by 0.5-1 grade. The influence laws of deep ion nitriding on gear distortion and the trend of gear accuracy decreases are obtained, which provides reference for the design and manufacturing of nitriding gears and control of distortion.关键词：Gear;Deep ion nitriding;Nitriding distortion;Accuracy
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发布时间：2023-06-07
Development·Application
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